Twelve species from Brassicaceae family were studied using two different molecular techniques: RAPD and ISSR; both of these techniques were used to detect some molecular markers associated with the genotype identification. RAPD results, from using five random primers, revealed 241 amplified fragments, 62 of them were polymorphic (26%).
ISSR results showed that out of seven primers, three (ISSR3, UBC807, UBC811) could not amplify the genomic DNA; other primers revealed 183 amplified fragments, 36 of them were polymorphic (20%). The Similarity evidence and dendrogram for the genetic distances of the incorporation between the two techniques showed that the highest similarity was 0.897 between the varieties red cabbage and red ornamental cabbage, meanwhile the lowest similarity index was between the varieties red radish and Green ornamental cabbage (0.169); thus these RAPD and ISSR markers have the possibility for the identification of species or varieties and the description of genetic variation within the varieties. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the Brassicaceae taxa have a suitable amount of genetic variance and a wide range in the genetic principle of the studied genotypes which can be used for output improvement.