Low level laser therapy (LLLT) empirically used in the treatment of various medical conditions stimulating certain intracellular biological activities resulting in acceleration of wound healing due to various biostimulatory effects. It has been widely tested on cell culture studies; the mechanism of action is complex, in general it involves absorption of light on subcellular level particularly the electron chain system in the mitochondria resulting in the biostimulatory effect.
The chronic inflammatory process have been shown to be reduced in periodontal tissue by LLLT with subsequent release of metalloproteinase’s and collagenases resulting in improvement in tissue healing and wound remodeling. It has been also shown to cause smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vasodilatation. Several studies in vitro have shown that LLLT at certain wavelengths may stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore; (He-Ne) LLLT has been shown to have stimulatory effect on cultured osteoblast resulting in enhancement of proliferation, differentiation and calcification. Other empirical uses of laser therapy include analgesia, antimicrobial activity, laser curettage and relieving trigeminal neuralgia.