Background: Penicillium digitatum are the major indoor and outdoor fungi
considered as a respiratory pathogens when acquired through inhalation of the spores. when
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), encompassing cells of the innate and adaptive immune
systems become impaired through a widespread use of the antibiotics or drugs and in
immunocompromised patients, such spores may germinate and proliferate in the host, and
toxicity may arise, leading to various clinical outcomes like pulmonary allergic diseases
Materials and methods: Rabbits were orally administrated with Cefoperazone antibiotic for
10 days, antibiotic was replaced with sterile normal saline in control group. For intranasal
challenge of rabbits the fungal inoculum at 107 conidia / rabbit concentration were weekly
given for 6 weeks. Results: the exposed rabbits to the P. digitatum conidia in presence of
antibiotic developed Th2- mediated allergic response as indicated by histological examination
of lung which explain hypersensitivity pneumonitis and an elevation of the serum IL-4, IgE
and IgG levels. Conclusion: Inhalation of P.digitatum conidia stimulates Th2–mediated
plumonary allergic response following an antibiotic administration. Increased level of serum