Metabolism &Transport of Lipids

ANABOLISM
ENZYMES
CH
3[CH2CH2]7CO.SCoA
3-OH-Butyrate
3-OH-Butyrate
Acetoacetate
Acetoacetyl-CoA Acetoacetate
glutaryl-CoA
3-OH-3-methyl-
(HMG)
3-OH-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG)
CH
3COCH2CO.S-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Renal Cortex
Brain
Skeletal & Heart Muscle (In starvation)
Acetone
KETONE BODIES
KETONE BODIES
CH3COCH2COSCoA
CH3COCH2COOCH3C(OH)CH2COSCoA
CH2COOCH3C(OH)CH2COSCoA
CH2COOCH3COCH3 CH3CH(OH)CH2COO
CHOLESTEROL
TCA
ATP CYCLE
Committed
to Lipid
Committed
to Cholesterol
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Mevalonate
Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway
FAT
Lipoprotein
Lipoprotein
8CH
3CO.SCoA + 1 4NADPH +1 4H++7ATP CH3[CH2CH2]7CO.SCoA+ 1 4NADP++7HSCoA+ 7ADP+7Pi
Insulin
Adrenaline
(Glycolysis)
2.3.1 .20
3.1 .3.4
3.1 .1 .3
6.2.1 .3
CH
2OP
CO
CH
2OH
CH2OCOR
CH2O-P
R CO.OCH
CH2OCOR
CH2OH
R CO.OCH
CH2OH
CH2OH
R CO.OCH
CH2OCOR
CH2OH
R CO.OCH
CH2OH
CH2OH
HOCH
CH2OH
CH2OP
HOCH
RCOORCOORCO-SCoA
LIPID METABOLISM
FATTY ACID SYNTHASE
(2.3.1 .86)
Multi-enzyme complex Includes all the enzymes of
Fatty Acid Synthesis except Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
NADP+
NADP+
2.3.1 .1 5
1 .1 .1 .8
3.1 .1 .34
3.1 .1 .34
3.1 .1 .23
6.2.1 .3
2.3.1 .7
3.1 .1 .28
2.3.1 .1 6
2.3.1 .9
6.4.1 .1
6.4.1 .1
4.1 .3.7
4.1 .3.8
1 .1 .1 .37
4.1 .3.5
4.1 .3.4
4.1 .1 .4 1 .1 .1 .30
1 .1 .1 .34
4.1 .3.5
2.3.1 .9
6.4.1 .2
2.3.1 .39
1 .1 .1 .40
Lipopro
teins
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
ADP+Pi
ADP+Pi
ADP+Pi
ATP
ATP+
ATP HSCoA
HSCoA
HSACP
H
2O
Citrate HSCoA
Acyl-CoA
ACETYL-CoA
ACETYL-CoA
-OOCCH
2CO.SCoA
CH
3CO.SACP
2.3.1 .38
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
(LIVER) Cell Membrane
Cytosol
Lipoprotein lipase
Insulin
Adrenaline
1 .3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
2.3.1 .7 Carnitine
2.3.1 .9 Acetyl-CoA-C-acetyl transferase
2.3.1 .1 5 Glycerol-3-P O-acyl transferase
2.3.1 .1 6 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1 .20 DiacylglycerolO-acyl transferase
2.3.1 .38 [ACP] S-acyl transferase
1 .1 .1 .8 Glycerol-3-P-dehydrogenase 1 .3.1 .1 0 Enoyl-[ACP]-reductase
1 .1 .1 .35 3-OH-acyl-CoAdehydrogenase
1 .1 .1 .37 Malatedehydrogenase
1 .1 .1 .40 Malatedehydrogenase
(oxaloacetate
1 .1 .1 .1 00 3-Oxoacyl-[ACP]
1 .1 .1 .1 57 3-OH-butyryl-CoA
1 .2.4.1 Pyruvatedehydrogenase
2.3.1 .51 1 -Acylglycerol-3-P O-acyl
transferase
3.1 .1 .3 Triacylglycerol lipase
3.1 .1 .23 Acylglycerol lipase
3.1 .1 .28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase
3.1 .1 .34 Lipoprotein lipase
4.1 .1 .4 Acetoacetate decarboxylase
4.1 .1 .9 Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
2.3.1 .39 [ACP] S-malonyl transferase
4.1 .3.7 Citrate synthase
4.1 .3.8 ATP Citrate lyase
4.2.1 .1 7 Enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1 .55 3-OH-Butyryl-CoA dehydratase
4.2.1 .58 Crotonyl-[ACP] hydratase
4.2.1 .61 3-OH-Palmitoyl-[ACP] dehydratase
4.1 .3.4 OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
4.1 .3.5 OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase
1 .1 .1 .34 HMG-CoA reductase
1 .1 .1 .211 Long-chain 3-OH-acyl-CoA
1 .3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3.1 .3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase
6.2.1 .3 Long-chain-fatty.-acid-CoA ligase
6.4.1 .1 Pyruvate carboxylase
6.4.1 .2 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
4.2.1 .59 3-OH-octanoyl-[ACP] dehydratase
-O-acyltransferase
Designed by Donald Nicholson c 2002 IUBMB
Mitochondrial inner membrane
COMPLETE (AEROBIC) OXIDATION OF PALMITOYL CoA
CH
3[CH2CH2]7CO.SCoA + 23O2 + ~ (1 06 ADP + 1 06Pi) 1 6CO2 + 11 9 H2O + HSCoA + ~1 06ATP
This is a fascinating equation which explains how some animals, such as camels and polar bears can survive in the most adverse environments
They can use fat ,not only as the sole source of energy, but also of water. The killer whale cannot utilise sea-water but creates its own from fat