Laser physics

Covers the fundamentals of laser physics, including, Population Inversion , Relationship between the Einstein Coefficients, Gain mechanisms, Loop gain (GL) including Calculating GL Optical cavities , Gain in CW and pulsed lasers Loss in optical cavity, Laser threshold, Laser cavities and modes including, longitudinal mode Multi-mode and single-mode lasers transverse and structure Gaussian beam Characteristics of the Basic Transverse Mode (TEM00) of the Laser propagation, Line-broadening mechanisms including Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous broadening, classification of lasers resonators Plane-plane optical cavity, Circular mirrors with large radius , Confocal optical cavity Circular optical cavity .Resonator Configurations ,Stability Diagram of an Optical Cavity excitation mechanism methods, Classification of lasers : gas laser ,solid state laser, Laser diode , Dye laser ,chemical laser .
Lasers started out in research laboratories, and many of the most sophisticated ones are still being used there. Chemists, biologists, spectroscopists, and other scientists count lasers among the most powerful investigational tools of modern science. Again, the laser s narrow beam is valuable, but in the laboratory the other characteristics of laser light are often important too. Because a laser s beam contains light of such pure color, it can probe the dynamics of a chemical reaction while it happens or it can even stimulate a reaction to happen.