Techniques in Plant Tissue Culture

3- Techniques in Plant Tissue Culture :-

3-1 HISTORY
The first recorded attempt at plant tissue culture was in 1902, when Haberlandt placed epidermal, pith parenchyma, and palisade cells of monocotyledons in culture containing various sugars, inorganic salts, and amino acids. None of the cells divided. The first successful attempt at tissue culture was recorded in 1904, when Hannig, using similar media, was able to grow whole plants from embryos. During the next two decades, work centered on improving embryo culture techniques. It was found that several complex additives, like yeast extract, coconut milk, and peptone, greatly stimulated growth. In 1934, White placed excised tomato root tips in culture. When yeast extract was added to the medium, the roots were able to divide and grow indefinitely.
3-2 Introduction

Plant tissue culture is the science of growing plant cells or organs ( such as a stem tip ,node ,meristem embryo or even a seed) isolated from the mother plant on artificial media .* It is based on the concept of totepotency, i.e. the concept that every living cell has the genetic potential to reproduce into an entire organism. It deals with the mass production of plants, under aseptic environment employing artificial growing conditions in glass (In-Vitro). *This important technology is based on the principle that production of genetically modified plants is only possible if the target species have a successful and efficient regeneration system . The success of modern Plant Biotechnology is attributed to this very important technique, which plays an important role in in-vitro propagation of disease free plants and multiplying with unmatched speed of endangered species as well as species difficult to regenerate.
Plant tissue culture is the sterile, in vitro cultivation of plant parts. * Plants have the ability for differentiated cells revert to an undifferentiated state called